EUGENOL MENGHAMBAT MOTILITAS Salmonella Typhi: STUDI IN VITRO DAN IN SILICO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/ujp.v5i2.1017Keywords:
swimming, swarming, eugenol, S. TyphiAbstract
Motilitas merupakan salah satu faktor virulensi bakteri yang berperan penting dalam menyebabkan penyakit. Oleh karena itu, motilitas bakteri perlu dihambat untuk menurunkan virulensinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antimotilitas eugenol terhadap motilitas swimming dan swaming Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) secara in vitro dan in silico. Aktivitas antibakteri eugenol diuji terhadap S. Typhi menggunakan metode mikrodilusi cair. Hasil dari uji tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan konsentrasi eugenol untuk uji antimotilitas. Aktivitas antimotilitas eugenol diuji terhadap motilitas swimming dan swarming menggunakan media Luria Bertani yang mengandung agar berturut-turut sebanyak 0,3 dan 0,5%. Uji in silico dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak SeeSAR (12.1.0) dan PyRx (1.0) dan aplikasi daring yaitu PSICHIC, Boltz2, DiffDock, Gnina, dan Smina (Tamarind-bio). Pada uji tersebut beberapa protein yang terlibat dalam motilitas digunakan sebagai protein target. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eugenol mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. Typhi dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum sebesar 1 mg/mL dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum sebesar lebih dari 1 mg/mL. Eugenol pada konsentrasi 0,5 dan 1 mg/mL mampu menghambat motilitas swimming dan swarming S. Typhi sebesar 100%. Hasil uji in silico menunjukkan bahwa eugenol diduga berikatan lebih kuat terhadap protein MotA dan menunjukkan aktivitas antagonis. Oleh karena itu, eugenol kemungkinan dapat digunakan sebagai agen antivirulen terhadap S. Typhi dan terapi kombinasi dengan antibiotik.
.
Downloads
References
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S.K. (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
Chaban, B., Hughes, H.V., & Beeby, M. (2015). The flagellum in bacterial pathogens: for motility and a whole lot more. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 46, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.032
Chakansin, C., Yostaworakul, J., Warin, C., Kulthong, K., & Boonrungsiman, S. (2022). Resazurin rapid screening for antibacterial activities of organic and inorganic nanoparticles: potential, limitations and precautions. Analytical Biochemistry, 637, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2021.114449
Chelvam, K.K., Chai, L. C., & Thong, K. L. (2014). Variations in motility and biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Gut Pathogens, 6(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-6-2
Devi, K. P., Nisha, S. A., Sakthivel, R., & Pandian, S. K. (2010). Eugenol (an essential oil of clove) acts as an antibacterial agent against Salmonella typhi by disrupting the cellular membrane. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.025
Guo, J., He, X., Bai, Y., Sun, H., & Yang, J. (2025). Virulence factors of Salmonella Typhi: interplay between the bacteria and host macrophages Archives of Microbiology. Archives of Microbiology, 207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04297-0
Hoffman, S. A., & Luby, S. P. (2024). Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi. In G. W. Smithers (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Second Edition, Volume 1-4 (Second, Vols. 1–4, pp. 276–284). Academic Journals. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822521-9.00031-9
Irazoki, O., Campoy, S., & Barbé, J. (2017). The transient multidrug resistance phenotype of Salmonella enterica swarming cells is abolished by sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial compounds. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(1360), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01360
Li, J., Jia, T., & Yang, L. (2025). Targeting anti-virulence factor strategies of bacterial pathogens. Biosafety and Health, 7(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.01.006
Liu, G., Zhang, X., Cao, Q., Chen, T., Hu, B., & Shi, H. (2025). The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 1990 to 2021 and the impact on prevention and control. BMC Infectious Diseases, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11223-8
Nisar, M. F., Khadim, M., Rafiq, M., Chen, J., Yang, Y., & Wan, C. C. (2021). Pharmacological properties and health benefits of eugenol: a comprehensive review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2497354
Qaiyumi, S. (2007). Macro and microdilution methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols (pp. 75–79).
Rattanachak, N., Weawsiangsang, S., Daowtak, K., Thongsri, Y., Ross, S., Ross, G., Nilsri, N., Baldock, R.A., Pongcharoen, S., Jongjitvimol, T., & Jongjitwimol, J. (2022). High-throughput transcriptomic profiling reveals the inhibitory effect of hydroquinine on virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics, 11(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101436
Rütschlin, S., & Böttcher, T. (2020). Inhibitors of bacterial swarming behavior. Chemistry - A European Journal, 26(5), 964–979. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201901961
Sultan, M., Arya, R., & Kim, K.K. (2021). Roles of two-component systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(22), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212152
Sun, Y., Wang, P., Chai, Y., Song, R., Cheng, M., Gao, J., Duma, L., Rossez, Y., Zou, X., Tao, Y., & Yang, H. (2026). Targeting bacterial motility: prospective therapeutic countermeasures. Microbiological Research, 303, 128369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128369
Wiles, T.J., Schlomann, B.H., Wall, E.S., Betancourt, R., Parthasarathy, R., & Guillemin, K. (2020). Swimming motility of a gut bacterial symbiont promotes resistance to intestinal expulsion and enhances inflammation. PLoS Biology, 18(3), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000661.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ratna Yuliani, Aqila Maiquina, Broto Santoso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
