UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR TUMBUHAN BALSEM (Polygala paniculata L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/ujp.v5i2.1098Keywords:
aktivitas antibakteri, Escherichia coli, kromatografi lapis tipis, Polygala paniculata, Staphylococcus aureusAbstract
Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan, terutama dengan meningkatnya kasus resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat sebagai sumber antibakteri alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol akar tumbuhan balsem (Polygala paniculata L.) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Identifikasi mikroskopik simplisia dan profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dilakukan sebagai data pendukung untuk memberikan gambaran awal mengenai karakteristik simplisia dan profil senyawa pada ekstrak akar P. paniculata. Simplisia akar diidentifikasi secara mikroskopik, kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan etanol. Profil KLT diamati menggunakan fase gerak etil asetat : metanol (8:2), sedangkan aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengan metode difusi cakram pada konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, dan 10%. Hasil pengamatan mikroskopik menunjukkan adanya jaringan parenkim poligonal, pembuluh xilem dengan penebalan tangga (scalariform), serat sklerenkim, dan butir pati. Profil KLT menunjukkan satu bercak dengan nilai Rf 0,78, yang menunjukkan adanya senyawa organik pada ekstrak, tetapi belum dapat memastikan golongan senyawa tertentu secara spesifik. Ekstrak etanol akar P. paniculata mampu menghambat pertumbuhan kedua bakteri uji pada seluruh konsentrasi. Konsentrasi 10% menghasilkan diameter zona bening terbesar, yaitu 9,2 mm terhadap E. coli dan 9,1 mm terhadap S. aureus, sedangkan konsentrasi 2,5% menghasilkan diameter zona bening terkecil, masing-masing sebesar 7,6 mm dan 7,2 mm. Berdasarkan kriteria Davis dan Stout, aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak pada seluruh konsentrasi termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol akar P. paniculata berpotensi sebagai sumber antibakteri alami terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus.
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