Efektivitas Terapi Murottal terhadap Keputusasaan pada Pasien Hemodialisis: Systematic Literature Review Berbasis Pendekatan Biopsikososial-Spiritual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/jkk.v5i2.980Keywords:
chronic kidney disease, hemodialisis, keputusasaan, terapi murottal, intervensi spiritualAbstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) merupakan penyakit kronis yang berdampak tidak hanya pada kondisi fisik, tetapi juga pada aspek psikologis pasien, salah satunya adalah keputusasaan (hopelessness). Pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis rentan mengalami keputusasaan akibat kompleksitas penyakit dan terapi jangka panjang, sehingga diperlukan intervensi komplementer yang efektif, termasuk pendekatan berbasis spiritual seperti terapi murottal Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusasaan pada pasien hemodialisis serta menganalisis potensi terapi murottal dalam menurunkan keputusasaan melalui pendekatan narrative literature review. Data dikumpulkan dari basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), hemodialysis, hopelessness, dan murottal dengan operator Boolean “AND”, pada rentang tahun 2021–2025. Dari total 421 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 7 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa keputusasaan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, meliputi depresi, kecemasan, usia, pendidikan, pendapatan, ketidakpastian penyakit, status transplantasi, serta perilaku perawatan diri. Terapi murottal terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan kecemasan, mengurangi kelelahan, menstabilkan tekanan darah, serta meningkatkan kualitas tidur. Secara integratif, terapi murottal berpotensi menurunkan keputusasaan melalui mekanisme tidak langsung dengan memperbaiki kondisi psikologis dan fisiologis pasien. Dengan demikian, terapi murottal dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai intervensi non-farmakologis berbasis spiritual dalam pendekatan perawatan holistik pada pasien hemodialisis, meskipun penelitian lanjutan dengan desain eksperimental yang lebih kuat masih diperlukan untuk memperkuat evidensi ilmiah.
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